1·To improve the curative effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on larger renal stones.
提高体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗较大肾结石的疗效。
2·Conclusion MPCNL is safe and effective for renal stones in the patients with or without solitary kidney.
结论MPCNL治疗孤立肾结石与非孤立肾结石一期手术的安全性和有效性相似。
3·Method 218 cases of huge staghorn renal stones were treated by pneumatic lithotripsy through intra renal sinus extension pyelostomy.
方法采用肀肾窦扩大肾盂切开联合气压弹道碎石治疗肾巨大鹿角形结石2 18例。
4·Method:Different extracts were administered through a stomach tube to rats of different groups with renal calcium oxalate stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC).
方法：通过喂服泽泻提取物不同组分对乙二醇和氯化铵诱导的大白鼠肾草酸钙结石模型进行实验研究。
5·Our direct surgical observations reveal that these may be surgically removable stones, especially in patients with well preserved renal function.
我们直接的外科观察表明这些可能是通过外科手术可以去除的结石，尤其是对于肾功能完好的患者。
6·Objective: to observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of renal infection stones.
目的：观察体外冲击波碎石术治疗肾感染石的疗效。
7·Objective To explore the effective microinjury method for treatment of renal calyceal stones.
目的探讨治疗肾盏结石的有效微创治疗方法。
8·Large stones can block urine flow, be a focus for infection, or cause renal colic (painful spasms).
较大的肾结石能造成尿路梗阻，促成感染并引起肾小管痉挛-肾绞痛。
9·Conclusions Ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is safe and effective, being the first choice for patients with middle or lower ureteral stones, especially accompanying renal colic.
结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石安全有效，并发症少，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法，尤其对肾绞痛者疗效更好。
10·Objective To reduce the remaining rate and renal injury of complex reneral stones during the surgery.
目的减少多发性肾结石手术中结石残留及肾组织的损伤。